Low cost sewerage technologies were first developed in Zambia and Brazil (Sanitation Connection, www.sanicon.net). Orangi Pilot Project (OPP), Karachi integrated the technology with a social mobilization component to emerge with a model for implementation by communities. PIEDAR learnt from and adapted the system developed by the OPP. We added two technical and two social components to the basic model.

Technical Innovations:
1. A simple computer model to optimize sewer design that could be shared with and used by a graduate engineer;
2. The addition of a grit inceptor station (tee-hodi) at the junction between house and lane sewers that the householder could de-sludge with a stick.

Social Innovations:
1. The delegation of actual implementation to city-based NGOs more familiar with the local social set up;
2. The formation of Women Lane Organizations in each target lane.
These four elements have combined to ensure the durability of our interventions for sanitation in the informal settlements of Quetta city, in several towns in KP, and among the 2005 earthquake affected populations of AJK and KP.
More details are available in the QKAEMP Final Report and in the research report evaluating the project